Friday, January 15, 2016

Gender: Culture or Genes?

 Arguments for culture
 Arguments for genetics 

  •  In Western culture it is more susceptible for women to wear make up, dresses, heels.
  • Male breastfeeding in the Aka Pygmy people of Central Africa (Hewlett, 2000)
  • In the Aka community women are the primary caregivers but there is a significant level of flexibility -  Aka fathers will slip into roles usually occupied by mothers without any loss of status 
  • Top jobs in the tribe invariably go to men: the kombeti (leader), the tuma (elephant hunter) and the nganga (top healer) in the community are all male.
  • The Chambuli tribe where men showed some ‘feminine’ behaviour such as being passive and women showed some ‘masculine’ behaviour such as being dominant, shaving their heads, taking control of trading relationships.



  • Men are most likely to have a beard. 
  • Rough and Tumble play occurs almost entirely in males. It is found cross-culturally and across species suggesting a clear link between biology and gender behaviour.
  • Berenbaum and Snyder (1995) found girls with CAH showed more preference for boys’ toys.
  • Beach (1974) found female dogs who were exposed to male hormones were more likely to urinate like male dogs.
  • MRI scans suggest young women reach full brain developmental maturity between 21 and 22 years of age; young men reach full brain developmental maturity at 30 years of age.
  • MRIs it was found women considered emotional events more emotionally stimulating than men.


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